Amaxabiso ethu aya kuba makhulu kwaye akhuphisane ngenxa yesakhono sethu sokuvelisa esomeleleyo, nangona amaxabiso enokutshitsha ngokuxhomekeke kunikezelo kunye nezinye izinto zentengiso. Siza kukuthumelela uluhlu lwamaxabiso oluhlaziyiweyo emva kokuba inkampani yakho iqhagamshelane nathi ngolwazi oluthe vetshe.
Eneneni akunjalo. siya kucaphula ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bakho. Okukhona u-odola, ixabiso elingcono uya kufumana. Kwaye ukuba ufuna iisampuli zamahhala, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi nge-imeyile.
Ewe kunjalo. Singakunika amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, njengeZiqinisekiso zokuHlalutya / ukuThotyelwa; I-inshurensi; Imvelaphi, kunye namanye amaxwebhu okuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngokobuninzi bakho kunye nemodeli ngokweenkcukacha, siya kukunika ixesha lokukhokela elifanelekileyo. Njengesiqhelo, kwiisampuli, ixesha lokukhokela limalunga neentsuku ezisi-7. Ukuveliswa kobuninzi, ixesha lokukhokela liyi-20-30 iintsuku emva kokufumana intlawulo yediphozithi. Mahala simahla usazise ukuba unayo nayiphi na imfuneko ekhethekileyo.
Unokwenza intlawulo kwiakhawunti yethu yebhanki, Western Union okanye PayPal:
I-30% yediphozithi kwangaphambili, i-70% ibhalansi malunga nekopi ye-B / L.
Siqinisekisa izixhobo zethu kunye nokusebenza. Ukuzinikela kwethu kukwaneliseka kwakho ngeemveliso zethu. Kwiwaranti okanye hayi, yinkcubeko yenkampani yethu ukujongana nokusombulula yonke imiba yabathengi ukuze wonke umntu aneliseke.
Ewe, sihlala sisebenzisa umgangatho ophezulu wokupakisha ngaphandle. Sikwasebenzisa ukupakishwa kweengozi ezikhethekileyo kwimpahla enobungozi kunye nabathumeli abaqinisekisiweyo abagcina izinto ezibandayo kwizinto ezinobushushu bobushushu. Ukupakishwa kweengcali kunye neemfuno zokupakisha ezingekho mgangathweni zingafaka intlawulo eyongezelelweyo.
Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa zixhomekeke kwindlela okhetha ngayo ukufumana iimpahla. I-Express idla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo kodwa ikwabiza kakhulu. Ngokuhamba ngolwandle sesona sisombululo silungileyo kwiimali ezinkulu. Ngokuchanekileyo amaxabiso omthwalo sinokukunika kuphela ukuba siyazazi iinkcukacha zesixa, ubunzima kunye nendlela. Nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngolwazi oluthe vetshe.
Ngapha koko, umahluko phakathi kwe-OM3 vs OM4 ifayibha nje kulwakhiwo lwentambo yefiber optical. Umahluko kulwakhiwo uthetha ukuba ikhebula le-OM4 linokunciphisa okungcono kwaye linokusebenza kwi-bandwidth ephezulu kune-OM3. Siyintoni isizathu soku? Ukuze ikhonkco lefiber lisebenze, ukukhanya okuvela kwi-transceiver ye-VCSEL kunamandla aneleyo okufikelela kumamkeli kwelinye icala. Kukho amaxabiso amabini okusebenza anokuthintela oku-i-optical attenuation kunye ne-modal dispersion.
Ukuthotywa kukunciphisa amandla omqondiso wokukhanya njengoko usasazwa (dB). Ukuthotywa kubangelwa yilahleko ekukhanyeni kusetyenziswa amacandelo enziwayo, njengeentambo, iintambo zentambo, kunye nezihlanganisi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla iziqhagamshelo ziyafana ngoko umahluko wokusebenza kwi-OM3 vs OM4 kukulahleka (dB) kwintambo. I-OM4 fiber ibangela ilahleko ephantsi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo. Ukuthotywa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe yimigangatho kuboniswe ngezantsi. Uyabona ukuba ukusebenzisa i-OM4 kuya kukunika ilahleko ephantsi ngemitha yentambo. Ilahleko esezantsi ithetha ukuba unokuba namakhonkco amade okanye ube neziqhagamshelo ezidibeneyo kwikhonkco.
Ukunciphisa okuphezulu kuvunyelwe kwi-850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km
Ukukhanya kuhanjiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ecaleni kwefiber. Ngenxa yokungafezeki kwifayibha, ezi ndlela zifika njengamaxesha ahluke kancinci. Njengoko lo mahluko usanda uye ufikelele kwinqanaba apho ulwazi oluthunyelwayo lungenako ukuchazwa. Lo mahluko phakathi kweyona ndlela iphezulu kunye neyona ndlela iphantsi waziwa ngokuba yimodal dispersion. I-modal dispersion inquma i-modal bandwidth enokuthi i-fiber isebenze kwaye lo ngumahluko phakathi kwe-OM3 kunye ne-OM4. Isezantsi i-modal dispersion, iphezulu i-modal bandwidth kunye nobuninzi bolwazi olunokudluliselwa. I-bandwidth ye-modal ye-OM3 kunye ne-OM4 iboniswe ngezantsi. I-bandwidth ephezulu ekhoyo kwi-OM4 ithetha i-modal dispersion encinci kwaye ngoko ivumela amakhonkco ekhebula ukuba abe nde okanye avumele ilahleko ephezulu ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ezidibeneyo. Oku kunika iinketho ezininzi xa ujonge uyilo lwenethiwekhi.
Ubuncinci be-Fiber Cable Bandwidth kwi-850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Ungasazisa ngokuqhubekayo malunga neemeko zokusingqongileyo apho iimveliso ziza kusetyenziswa khona, ngokukhetha iinkcukacha ezicacileyo ezifana nokufuma, ubushushu, kunye nemiba yejoloji. Singanikezela ngentambo ehlanganisiweyo ehlanganisiweyo yokwakheka kunye nefayibha kunye namaxabiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho ezithile. Iinketho zemveliso ezilungiselelweyo nazo ziyafumaneka.
Intambo yosinga ine:
Undoqo**: Iglasi ecocekileyo/isilica (i-8-62.5µm idayamitha) yokuhambisa ukukhanya.
Isigqubuthelo**: Umaleko wangaphandle onesalathiso esisezantsi serefractive ukuqulatha ukukhanya.
Ukwaleka**: Umaleko okhuselayo we-acrylate (250µm).
Amalungu amandla**: Umsonto we-Aramid/iintonga ze-fiberglass.
Ibhatyi yangaphandle**: Izinto ze-PE/PVC/LSZH zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
| **Iparamitha** | **Indlela enye (SMF)** | **IiModi ezininzi (MMF)** |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Idayamitha engundoqo | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Umgama | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Ububanzi | Unlimited (ngokwethiyori) | Ilinganiselwe ngokusasazwa kwemodal |
| Iindleko | Ephakamileyo (imithombo yelaser) | Ngasezantsi (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Sebenzisa Ityala** | Telecom/5G backhaul | Amaziko edatha/Ikhampasi |
Ubuchwephesha beSDM bubandakanya:
Iifibers ezininzi (MCF) **: I-7-19 cores / i-fiber, ibonise ukuhanjiswa kwe-1Pbps.
Iintsinga zemowudi ezimbalwa (FMF)**: Iindlela ezininzi zokukhanya kumbindi ngamnye.
Inzuzo yomsebenzisi*: Yehlisa ukuxinana kwemibhobho; I-NTT isasaze i-MCF kwimetro yaseTokyo.
Ezi fiber:
- Isikhokelo sokukhanya emoyeni (kungekhona iglasi), ukusika i-latency nge-31% (1.46μs / km vs. 2.13μs / km).
- Izicelo ekujoliswe kuzo: HFT (i-high-frequency trading), i-quantum networks.
*Umngeni*: Ukuthotywa okuphezulu (~3dB/km) vs. SMF's 0.17dB/km.
A: Iindawo ezintathu ekugxilwe kuzo:
1. I-Fronthaul**: Sebenzisa ii-fibers ze-G.654.E (ilahleko ephantsi, indawo enkulu esebenzayo) kwi> 400G wavelengths.
2. Iiseli ezincinci **: Iintambo ezincinci (≤6mm ububanzi) zokuthunyelwa kweedolophu ezixineneyo.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SDN **: Ukwabiwa kwefiber ngokuzenzekelayo nge-OpenROADM.
A: Izibonelelo ziquka:
- 30% ukuthotywa kweendleko ngokuyilwa komthengisi-ukungaqiniseki (umzekelo, iPhulo leVodafone le-Open Fiber Initiative).
-Uphuculo olukhawulezayo (iimodyuli ze-plug-and-play fiber).
A:** Iimvavanyo ezibalulekileyo:
I-OTDR (i-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Ilinganisa ilahleko ye-splice / ikhefu.
Uvavanyo lweLahleko yokuFaka**: Ukuphela-ukuya-ekupheleni kokuqinisekiswa kwelahleko ye-dB.
Uvavanyo lweChromatic Dispersion**: Kubalulekile kwi>100G iinkqubo ezihambelanayo.
1. **Inyathelo loku-1**: Khangela impazamo ngaphakathi kwe-3m usebenzisa i-OTDR enesisombululo esiphezulu.
2. **Inyathelo lesi-2**: Beka izirhubuluzi zerobhothi zokulungiswa komhlaba.
3. **Inyathelo lesi-3**: Sebenzisa i-fusion splicers nge-≤0.02dB ilahleko ye-splice.
Iindidi eziphambili ziquka:
-I-fiber yemodi enye (i-SMF): ** Yenzelwe umgama omde, ukuhanjiswa kwe-bandwidth ephezulu (umzekelo, i-1310 / 1550nm wavelengths).
-I-Multimode fiber (MMF): ** Isetyenziselwa umgama omfutshane (umzekelo, i-OM1 / OM2 / OM3 / OM4 / OM5 ye-850 / 1300nm).
Iintambo zangaphakathi/zangaphandle:** Izikrweqe, ezingaxhotyisiweyo, iribhoni, okanye uyilo lwetyhubhu ekhululekileyo.
-iintambo ezikhethekileyo:** FTTH (Iintambo zokuwisa), iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, iintambo zasemoyeni, njl.
qwalasela:
- **Umgama:** SMF ye>1km; I-MMF ye-≤500m (ihluka ngokwezinga ledatha).
- **Iindleko:** Iitransceiver zeMMF zitshiphu kodwa i-SMF ibonelela ngobungqina bexesha elizayo.
- **Isicelo:** SMF ye-telecom/uhambo olude; I-MMF yamaziko edatha/iiLAN.
Izikhokelo ezingundoqo:
- Kuphephe ukugqithisela **tsala utsalo** (umzekelo, ≤150N ye-SMF).
- Gcina ubuncinane **irediyasi egobileyo** (umzekelo, i-20mm yeentambo zokuvala).
- Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ** i-splicing / connectors ** (LC/SC/MPO) kunye neziphelo zeferrule ezicocekileyo.
- Uvavanyo nge **OTDR / iimitha zamandla ** emva kokufakela.
Ngokuqhelekileyo **20-25 iminyaka **, kodwa kuxhomekeke:
- Imiba yokusingqongileyo (ubumanzi, i-UV exposure).
- Uxinzelelo lomatshini (ukugoba, ukungcangcazela).
-Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji inokukhuthaza uphuculo phambi kwe-EOL.