nguSarah Wray, Umhleli, iiCities Today
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Ukunyuka kweendleko zokhathalelo lwentlalo, ukwanda kwabantu abalupheleyo, kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi bokhathalelo kubangela imingeni emikhulu koorhulumente basekuhlaleni base-UK.
Inani elikhulayo lihlola indlela uhlobo lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji yokunceda olunokubanceda ngayo abemi abasengozini ukuba bahlale ngokuzimela ixesha elide emakhayeni abo, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho wobomi babo ngelixa kwangaxeshanye inceda ukulinganisela uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Amabhunga kufuneka alungiselele ukutshintshela kwi-analogue ukuya kwidijithali ngo-2025, okuya kufuna ukuba kuphuculwe izisombululo ezininzi ze-telecare.
Ubuchwepheshe obuziswayo buquka izixhobo zokubona izinto, izithethi ezikrelekrele kunye nezibane, inyani ebonakalayo, kunye nonxibelelwano lwevidiyo. Ezi nkqubo zinamandla okubonisa amandla okwenyani ezindlu ezikrelekrele ngaphaya kobuchule bezixhobo kunye nobuchule obuphezulu.
Ubungakanani kunye nenkxaso-mali zihlala ziyimingeni. Ukuze kuqhutyekwe phambili ukusuka kwiindlela zovavanyo kunye novavanyo, amabhunga amaninzi aqala ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane obutsha kunye neemodeli zemali.
Ikhitshi libalisa ibali
IBhunga laseSutton eLondon belisebenzisana neSutton Housing Group kunye nenkampani yetekhnoloji i-IoT Solutions Group ukuze kusetyenziswe izinzwa ezimalunga ne-150 ezisebenza ekhaya ezibonelela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nomsebenzi womntu ngamnye.
Intsebenziswano yayisele iqhubeka malunga namatyala okusetyenziswa kwe-IoT anxulumene nenkunkuma kunye neendawo zokupaka. Njengoko imfuno yokhathalelo loluntu yayisanda ngexesha lobhubhane kwaye unxibelelwano lobuso ngobuso kwafuneka luncitshiswe, i-IoT Solutions Group yakhawulezisa imveliso entsha.
Isensor ijonga utshintsho kwiimeko zomoya – ezifana nokubilisa iketile, ukuvula ucango okanye ukwenza ukutya, kwaye ikwanokuchonga imiba efana nomngcipheko wokungabikho kwepetroli okanye ukufuma.
Izinzwa ezisebenza ngebhetri, eziqhagamshelwe ngenethiwekhi enamandla aphantsi, ebanzi (LPWAN), zihanjiswe ngebhokisi yoonobumba, kungekho ziplagi, iingcingo okanye uqwalaselo olufunekayo kwaye akukho mfuneko yoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi yasekhaya.
“[Abahlali] bayakwazi ukuyifaka ekhitshini baze bayilibale,” utshilo uNeal Forse, uMseki kunye ne-CTO kwi-IoT Solutions Group.
"Utshintsho oluvela emoyeni olufunyanwa yi-sensor luhlanganiswa kwilifu, kwaye kulapho siqhuba khona lonke uhlalutyo, sisebenzisa ii-algorithms ukumisela imisebenzi yabantu ngokungafaniyo nayo nayiphi na enye into."
Oku kwakha 'iwele ledijithali' lomntu ngamnye ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zakhe zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kwaye kuphakamisa isilumkiso esikhawulezileyo kumnakekeli, ilungu losapho okanye igosa elizimeleyo lokuphila ukuba utshintsho kwindlela lufunyenwe.
Oku kunika enye indlela endaweni yee-alamu ze-telecare pendant, umzekelo, ekufuneka abahlali bazityhale, kwaye njengoko uBradley Coupar, uMphathi weProjekthi yeSmart Place kunye noMsebenzi wezeNtlalontle, iSutton Council, ephawula, "badla ngokuxhoma okanye bafake idrowa".
UCoupar uthi le nkqubo sele ibangele ukungenelela kwangoko kwaye isindise ubuncinane ubomi bomnye xa umhlali ewile ekhayeni lakhe.
Uthi olu vavanyo luqhubekayo lukwabonise iingenelo zokubona idatha ngokusebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini kunye nohlalutyo lokuqikelela ukuze kube lula, endaweni yokusabela. Lunamandla okunciphisa iindleko zebhunga elichitha ngaphezulu kwama-70 ekhulwini ebhajethi yalo kukhathalelo loluntu.
“Injongo asikokususa unxibelelwano nabantu [okanye ukunciphisa] inkxaso engena, kodwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana inkxaso efanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo,” uphawula.
Inkonzo yesenzi se-IoT Solutions Group ixabisa malunga ne-10 GBP (13 USD) ngenyanga ngesixhobo ngasinye, kunye nezaphulelo ezisetyenziswayo ngokusekelwe kwinani leesenzi kunye nobude besivumelwano.
“Izixhobo [zokunxibelelana ngefowuni] esinazo ngoku kwiindawo zabantu — ixabiso lidlula kakhulu elo,” utshilo uCoupar.
Ngoku eyona nto iphambili kukwenza ubuchwepheshe bufumaneke ngokubanzi ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lovavanyo, esi sixhobo siza kudityaniswa kumaqonga amaninzi ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo, nto leyo eya kusenza sifikeleleke nakwiingcali zasekuhlaleni ezikwezinye iindawo.
“Ingxaki odibana nayo kwiindlela zokuhlola kukuba itekhnoloji ayikafakwa njengemveliso kwaye ayiqhagamshelwanga nakwezinye iziseko zokhathalelo lweenkonzo zombane,” utshilo uCoupar. “Ukudibanisa izixhobo ezintsha kwiimodeli ezikhoyo esinazo yinto endiyikhuthazayo ngokwenene.”
Phucula, musa ukuyila
NjengoSutton, iBhunga leSixeko saseNewcastle likwafunde ngokuvavanya ukuba ukusebenza namaqabane kubalulekile.
Ibhunga lisebenzisana ne-consultant Urban Foresight njengeqabane layo lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngenguqu yedijithali. Ngokusebenzisa indlela ekhokelwa yimingeni, inkonzo yokulungisa izinto ngaphakathi kokhathalelo lwabantu abadala ichongiwe njengendawo apho izixhobo zedijithali zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu - ngakumbi ezinxulumene nokuwa. Le nkonzo yexesha elifutshane inceda abantu ukuba baphile kwaye bahlale ngokuzimela emakhaya emva kokuhlala esibhedlele okanye ukutshintsha kweemfuno.
Inkqubo yokufumanisa ifumanise ukuba ama-41 ekhulwini abasebenzisi beenkonzo zokulungisa imeko bawa ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lonyango lwabo, kwaye oku bekungabhalwanga phantsi. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo yayikukungatyi nokungaseli ngokwaneleyo, ukuchukumisa okanye ukuwa xa behambahamba ekhayeni, kunye nesidingo sokulinganisela kunye namandla angcono.
Iqela lenze uphando lwetekhnoloji ukuze libone ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezinokunceda kunye nophando lwabasebenzisi malunga nendlela abantu abavakalelwa ngayo ngetekhnoloji yedijithali.
Bakhethe izithethi ezikrelekrele zeAmazon Alexa ukuze zikhumbuze abantu ukuba batye baze basele, izibane zePhilips Smart Hue ukunceda abantu bahambe emakhaya, kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso lomzimba eyenziwa ngefowuni yevidiyo.
“Samangaliswa kakhulu kukuba bangaphi abantu abanonxibelelwano lwe-Wi-Fi kunye nezakhono zedijithali kwaye babenomdla wokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha ukubanceda bahlale ngokukhuselekileyo emakhaya,” utshilo u-Emma Clement, uMcebisi oyiNtloko kwi-Urban Foresight.
Ukusasazwa bekuncinci – ukususela entwasahlobo ka-2021, abasebenzisi abali-12 bafumana umxube wetekhnoloji ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo, kodwa uBen McLaughlan, uMphathi weNkonzo, iiNkonzo zoKhathalelo loNonophelo lwabantu abadala kunye neeNkonzo eziDibeneyo kwiBhunga leSixeko saseNewcastle, uthi nangona kunjalo eli phulo lizise izifundo ezibalulekileyo.
Isixhobo se-Alexa siphumelele kakhulu kwizikhumbuzo, ukukhanya okukrelekrele bekuluncedo kodwa kubonwa “njengokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwii-aplikeshini ezivavanyiweyo,” kwaye usetyenziso lwevidiyo aluzange ludlulele ngaphaya kobungqina bengcamango ngenxa yemingeni yokunxibelelana.
Ngale projekthi kwasekwa inkqubo yokurekhoda ngcono ukuwa.
Isifundo esibalulekileyo kwibhunga yayikukudlala ngamandla alo. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba iqela elilungisa izinto likwindawo efanelekileyo yokuxhasa abantu abadala ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo, kodwa kungekhona ukubufaka. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ibhunga kunye ne-Urban Foresight baza kusebenza neqabane elikhoyo le-telecare elinamava okuqalisa ubuchwepheshe basekhaya kunye nokulawula imiba efana nolawulo lwesitokhwe kunye nokuthengwa.
“Umgaqo esiwuthathele ingqalelo ngulo: phucula, ungaqambi,” utshilo uClement.
Uvavanyo lwexabiso lemali lugqibe kwelokuba ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yabathengi kuyabiza kakhulu kwaye ukuba eli phulo belithintele ukuwa kube kanye kuphela, ngebelizihlawulele ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini.
Isigaba esilandelayo siza kuvavanya neependants ezisebenzisa unxibelelwano lweselula ukuze zinxitywe ngaphandle kwekhaya, kwaye ziquka isixhobo sokulandelela indawo ukuxhasa abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo abanokulahleka. Izixhobo zeAlexa ziza kuvavanywa ngakumbi kwindawo yokhathalelo lwasekhaya.
UClement uthe ezinye izifundo ezibalulekileyo ezifundiweyo kukubaluleka kokuthatha indlela esekelwe kwimingeni, yokungakholelwa kubuchwepheshe, kunye nokuba nabasebenzi abazinikeleyo ukuba bajonge le nkqubo.
Lo msebenzi ukwadibaniswa neCollaborative Newcastle, intsebenziswano phakathi kwebhunga, imibutho yezempilo kunye nokhathalelo lwentlalo, icandelo lokuzithandela kunye neeyunivesithi ukuphucula impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwisixeko. Eli phulo ngoku linomjelo wokusebenza wedijithali, oya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izimvo ezintsha ziyahlolwa ngendlela epheleleyo, utshilo uMcLaughlan.
Imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali
ILiverpool izama ubuchwepheshe bezempilo bedijithali ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yayo ye-5G. Oku kuxhasa usetyenziso olubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye kunika amandla okuthetha ngelizwi, nto leyo u-Ann Williams, uMphathi weKhomishini kunye neeKontrakthi kwiinkonzo zoLuntu zabantu abadala kwiBhunga leSixeko saseLiverpool, athi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
“Zininzi izinzwa ezinokusebenzisa i-IoT kwaye zilungile kakhulu,” uphawula. “Zixabiso eliphantsi kunezixhobo ze-telecare zemveli, ngoko ke oko kuyinzuzo. Kodwa siyaqonda ukuba azinakuthatha indawo yenkqubo ye-telecare ngendlela efanayo kuba awunakuba nencoko yelizwi.”
Isigaba sokuqala somsebenzi saqala ngo-Epreli 2018 njengenxalenye yeNkqubo yeeTestbeds and Trials ze-5G yeSebe leNkcubeko, ezeMidiya nezeMidlalo kwaye yaqhuba iinyanga ezingama-20.
Le projekthi, eyathiywa njengovavanyo lokuqala lwempilo oluxhaswa yi-5G lohlobo lwayo eYurophu, ifumene i-4.9 yezigidi zeepawundi (6.4 yezigidi zeerandi zeedola) ukuvavanya indlela itekhnoloji ye-5G enokubonelela ngayo ngezibonelelo zempilo nokhathalelo loluntu ezinokulinganiswa kwindawo ehlwempuzekileyo ngedijithali.
Yaziswa liqumrhu elidibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwaye kwavavanywa iiteknoloji ezili-11 kunye namavolontiya, kuquka ii-apps zokunciphisa isizungu, iinkonzo ze-telehealth, ukuphazamiseka kwentlungu ngokwenyani, izinzwa zokusingqongileyo, isixhobo sokuthintela ukopha, kunye nekhonkco levidiyo yekhemesti evumela abantu ukuba bathathe amayeza ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya.
Uvavanyo lugqibe kwelokuba ukusebenzisa kunokuphucula iziphumo zempilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi kubasebenzisi beenkonzo kwaye kwandise amandla eenkonzo zempilo kunye nokhathalelo loluntu.
Uhlalutyo lubalele ukonga okuqikelelweyo kweendleko kwiinkonzo zempilo noluntu ezingaphezu kwe-200,000 GBP ngabasebenzisi abali-100 ngonyaka, kuxhomekeke kubuchwepheshe obusetyenzisiweyo.
Isigaba sesibini sale projekthi sifumene imali eyongezelelweyo eyi-4.3 yezigidi zeepawundi yokuphuhlisa inethiwekhi yabucala ye-5G yeenkonzo zempilo kunye nokhathalelo lwentlalo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zaseLiverpool.
Iitekhnoloji ziquka isixhobo esikumgangatho wezonyango sokulawula nokujonga iimeko zempilo ukude, i-app efundisa iindlela zokunciphisa ixhala, inkonzo yokuvavanya iingqondo zoogqirha ekude, ukhathalelo kunye nolawulo lwamanxeba kunye netekhnoloji ye-sensor.
Le projekthi isandula ukwandiswa ukuze isebenze kude kube nguSeptemba 2022 kwaye ijolise ekuphuhliseni 'isicwangciso-nkqubo' sokusetyenziswa kweenethiwekhi zabucala ze-5G ekunikezeleni iinkonzo zikarhulumente.
Le projekthi iza kufikelela esiphelweni ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwetyala leshishini le-5G yabucala.
UWilliams uthe oku kuza kujongana neenzuzo zomgangatho wobomi kunye nezo zemali enzima kwaye kungabandakanya izinto ezifana neendleko ezithintelwayo ngabantu abahlala ngokuzimela ixesha elide, ukwehla kokuwa kunye neeyure zabanakekeli abakhululekileyo.
Ukuvavanya iingenelo ezifunyenweyo kuthetha ukuba ucacile ngeenjongo, utsho.
"Besisoloko sine-mantra yokwenyani yokungabi nabuchwepheshe ngenxa yobuchwepheshe. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwepheshe obuqhumayo, kodwa umbuzo ngulo: ingaba busombulula ingxaki yexesha elide?"
Isiphumo senethiwekhi
Nangona ityala leshishini lingengombandela wemali nje kuphela, izixeko kufuneka ziqwalasele indlela iinkqubo ezinokuxhaswa ngayo ngemali ixesha elide.
Indlela ekhulayo yokwenza ityala leshishini yindlela ebanzi ngakumbi.
“Sinembono ebanzi yoluntu kunempilo nokhathalelo lwentlalo,” utshilo uWilliams. “Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwezinye izinto esinokuzisebenzisela olu [thungelwano].”
Njengoko kuboniswa ngumkhwa, iphulo leLiverpool liqhagamshelwe kwimizamo yokunciphisa umahluko wedijithali ukuze abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukufikelela kumathuba e-intanethi emfundo, umsebenzi kunye neenjongo zentlalo.
Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba inethiwekhi yeLiverpool iyimfihlo, isixeko sinokubonelela 'ngeziqwenga' kubaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula ukuvala izikhewu zokugubungela.
“Oko kuguqula ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo neenkampani zeefowuni eziphathwayo,” utshilo uWilliams. “Enye yeenkampani ezinkulu yathi kum: ‘Ann, asinalo isebe apho amabhunga asithengisela khona: thina sithengisela wena.’”
UWilliams ulindele ukuba olu hlobo “luphazamisayo” luthandwe ngakumbi ziingcali zasekuhlaleni.
Ukwamkelwa
Amakhaya abantu zezona ndawo zabo zabucala ngoko ke kukho imibuzo malunga nokuba ingaba ukujonga ngedijithali kungavakala ngathi kuyaphazamisa na.
UCoupar uthi bambalwa kakhulu abemi abanikwe le nkonzo eSutton abangazange bayivume. Akukho rekhodi ebonakalayo okanye yesandi eyenzekayo, kwaye akukho datha yobuqu eqokelelwayo.
"Kwakulula kakhulu ukucela kuba kwakungekho mfuneko yokufakelwa izinto ezintsonkothileyo. Ngexesha apho abantu babexhalabele kakhulu impilo yabo, ndicinga ukuba kwamkelekile ukuba abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni bacinge ngeendlela zokugcina abantu bekhuselekile."
INewcastle ifumanise ukuba abanye abemi babexhalabile xa befowunelwa ngefowuni kwaye kwabonakala kubalulekile ukuba bazise izixhobo kubo baze bazibonise.
I-Urban Foresight inike isikhokelo ngolawulo lwedatha kunye nolwazi olunikwe abantu malunga nokuba yinxalenye yolu vavanyo.
“Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iitemplate ezininzi esinokuzisebenzisa kwakhona kwixesha elizayo,” utshilo uMcLaughlan.
UWilliams uthe inani elincinci labathathi-nxaxheba eLiverpool libuyisele izixhobo zesensor besithi abalithandi imvakalelo yokuba zijongwa rhoqo. Ezi zixhobo “azilungelanga wonke umntu,” utshilo kodwa ukholelwa ukuba oku kuya kutshintsha kancinci kancinci njengoko abantu beqhela ngakumbi izixhobo ezifana neewotshi ezikrelekrele kunye nezinye iteknoloji.
“Nathi asinakuthetha izinto ezingaqhelekanga,” utshilo. “Kukho [abantu abadala] abaninzi abathe ngenxa yobhubhane ngequbuliso baba ziingcali kwiFacebook Portal okanye kwiGoogle Hub.”
“Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokububiza ngokuba bubuchwepheshe – bayazi ukuba banokuthetha nabazukulwana babo ukuba benza oku, oku noku. Kwaye yileyo ndlela esibona ngayo abantu besamkela izinto.”
Eli nqaku laqala ukuvela kwiCities Today.
Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Imveliso yeSHVETS ngePexels
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-06-2022