nguSarah Wray, Umhleli, Iidolophu namhlanje
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Ukunyuka kweendleko zokhathalelo lwentlalo, abantu abalupheleyo, kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi bokhathalelo kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo kumagunya asekuhlaleni ase-UK.
Inani elikhulayo liphonononga indlela uhlobo lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji yokuncedisa enokuxhasa abahlali abasesichengeni ukuba baphile ngokuzimeleyo ixesha elide kumakhaya abo, bephucula umgangatho wobomi babo ngelixa kwangaxeshanye benceda ukulungelelanisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Amabhunga kufuneka alungiselele ukutshintshelwa kwe-analogu ukuya kwidijithali ngo-2025, nto leyo eya kufuna ukuba izisombululo ezininzi zokhathalelo lomnxeba ziphuculwe.
Itekhnoloji ezaziswayo zibandakanya abenzi boluvo, izithethi ezilumkileyo kunye nezibane, ubunyani benyani, kunye nonxibelelwano lwevidiyo. Amanyathelo anjalo anamandla okubonisa amandla okwenyani amakhaya ahlakaniphileyo ngaphaya kwe-gadget gimmickry kunye ne-ultra-convenience.
Isikali kunye nenkxaso-mali zihlala ziyimingeni. Ukuqhubela phambili ukusuka kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nolingo, amabhunga amaninzi aqala ukuphuhlisa intsebenziswano entsha kunye neemodeli zemali.
Ikhitshi libalisa ibali
IBhunga laseSutton eLondon lisebenzisana neqela lezindlu lakwaSutton kunye nenkampani yetekhnoloji i-IoT Solutions Group ukuhambisa malunga ne-150 yangaphakathi yangaphakathi enika ulwazi lwexesha lokwenyani kwinqanaba lomsebenzi womntu.
Intsebenziswano yayisele iqhubeka malunga neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-IoT ezinxulumene nenkunkuma kunye nokupaka. Njengoko imfuno yokhathalelo lwentlalo isanda ngexesha lo bhubhani kwaye ukunxibelelana nomntu kuye kwafuneka kuncitshiswe, i-IoT Solutions Group ilandele ngokukhawuleza imveliso entsha.
I-sensor ijonga utshintsho kwiimeko ze-atmospheric - ezifana nokubilisa i-kettle, ukuvula umnyango okanye ukwenza isidlo, kwaye inokuchonga imiba enjengomngcipheko wentlupheko yamafutha okanye umswakama.
I-sensor-powered sensors, exhunywe nge-low-power, inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (LPWAN), yahanjiswa ngebhokisi yeleta, ngaphandle kweeplagi, iingcingo okanye ukucwangciswa okufunekayo kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi yasekhaya.
"[Abahlali] bayakwazi ukuyibeka ekhitshini kwaye balibale ngayo," kusho uNeal Forse, uMseki kunye neCTO kwi-IoT Solutions Group.
"Utshintsho lomoya olufunyenwe yisinzwa ludityaniswe efini, kulapho siqhuba khona lonke uhlalutyo, sisebenzisa i-algorithms ukumisela imisebenzi yabantu ngokuchasene nayo nayiphi na enye into."
Oku kwakha 'iwele ledijithali' lomntu ngamnye ngokusekwe kwiipatheni zabo eziqhelekileyo zokuziphatha kwaye iphakamisa isilumkiso esikhawulezileyo kumkhathaleli, ilungu losapho okanye igosa eliphilayo elizimeleyo ukuba utshintsho kwipatheni luchongiwe.
Oku kunika enye indlela yee-alam ze-telecare pendant, umzekelo, ekufuneka abahlali bezityhala kwaye, njengoko uBradley Coupar, uMphathi weProjekthi yeNdawo eSmart kunye noNontlalontle, iBhunga laseSutton, ephawula, “kaninzi bagqibela ngokuxhonywa okanye bafakwe edroweni”.
UCoupar uthi le nkqubo sele ikhokelele kungenelelo kwangethuba kwaye yasindisa ubuncinci ubomi obunye xa umhlali waye wawa ekhayeni lakhe.
Uthi umqhubi oqhubekayo uye wabonisa iinzuzo zokubonwa kwedatha kunye nokusebenzisa umatshini wokufunda kunye nohlalutyo oluqikelelwayo ukuba lusebenze, kunokuba lusebenze. Inamandla okunciphisa iindleko zebhunga elichitha ngaphezu kwe-70 yepesenti yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kukhathalelo lwentlalo.
“Injongo ayikokususa unxibelelwano nabantu [okanye ukunciphisa] inkxaso engena, kodwa imalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana inkxaso eyiyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo,” utshilo.
Inkonzo ye-sensor ye-IoT Solutions Group ixabisa malunga ne-10 GBP (i-13 USD) ngenyanga ngesixhobo ngasinye, kunye nezaphulelo ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokusekelwe kwinani leenzwa kunye nobude bekhontrakthi.
"Izixhobo [zokunakekelwa kwefowuni] esinazo ngoku kwiipropathi zabantu - ixabiso lingaphezulu kakhulu," utshilo uCoupar.
Ngoku undoqo kukwenza ukuba itekhnoloji ifumaneke ngokubanzi ngendlela yenkqubo.
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lolingo, isixhobo siya kudityaniswa kumaqonga amaninzi ababoneleli bokhathalelo lomnxeba, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba ifikeleleke kumagunya asekuhlaleni angakumbi kwenye indawo.
Umba odibana nawo nabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kukuba itekhnoloji ayikafakwanga njengemveliso kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwezinye iziseko zoncedo lomnxeba,” utshilo uCoupar. "Ukudibanisa izixhobo ezitsha kwiimodeli ezikhoyo esinazo yinto endiyityhalayo."
Phucula, musa ukuyila
NjengoSutton, iBhunga lesiXeko saseNewcastle nalo lifunde ngokulingwa ukuba ukusebenza namaqabane kubalulekile.
Ibhunga lisebenzisana nabacebisi be-Urban Foresight njengeqabane lalo lenguqu yedijithali. Ukuthatha indlela ekhokelwa ngumngeni, inkonzo yokubuyisela kwakhona ngaphakathi kokhathalelo lwentlalo yabantu abadala ichongiwe njengendawo apho izixhobo zedijithali zinokuba nempembelelo enkulu - ngakumbi ehambelana nokuwa. Inkonzo yexesha elifutshane inceda abantu ukuba bahlaziye kwaye bahlale ngokuzimeleyo ekhaya emva kokuhlala esibhedlele okanye utshintsho kwiimfuno.
Inkqubo yokufumanisa ifumene ukuba i-41 ekhulwini yabasebenzisi benkonzo yokubuyisela kwakhona bafumana ukuwa ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokunyamekela kwabo, kwaye oku akuzange kubhalwe phantsi. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zazingatyi kunye nokusela ngokwaneleyo, ukugqithisa okanye ukuwa ngelixa ujikeleza ikhaya, kunye nesidingo sokulinganisela kunye namandla angcono.
Iqela lenze iskena setekhnoloji ukubona ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezinokunceda kunye nophando lwabasebenzisi malunga nendlela abantu abaziva ngayo ngetekhnoloji yedijithali.
Bakhethe izithethi ezilumkileyo zeAmazon Alexa zokukhumbuza abantu ukuba batye kwaye basele, izibane zePhilips Smart Hue zokunceda abantu ukuba bajonge ekhaya, kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso lomzimba eziswa ngomnxeba wevidiyo.
"Sothuke kakhulu ukuba bangaphi abantu abanonxibelelwano lwe-Wi-Fi kunye nezakhono zedijithali kwaye babenomdla wokusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha ukubanceda baphile ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya," utshilo u-Emma Clement, uMcebisi oMkhulu kwi-Urban Foresight.
Ukuthunyelwa kwabancinci - ukususela entwasahlobo ka-2021, abasebenzisi be-12 bafumana umxube wezobuchwepheshe ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo, kodwa uBen McLaughlan, uMphathi weNkonzo, iiNkonzo zoLondolozo lweNtlalo yabantu abadala kunye neeNkonzo eziDityanisiweyo kwiBhunga lesiXeko saseNewcastle, uthi nangona kweli nqanaba eli nyathelo lihambisa izifundo ezibalulekileyo.
Isixhobo se-Alexa siphumelele ngokukhethekileyo kwizikhumbuzi, ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kwakusebenzayo kodwa kuthathwa "kubunzima kakhulu kwizicelo ezilingwayo," kwaye isicelo sokufowuna kwevidiyo asizange siqhubele phambili ngaphaya kobungqina bengcamango ngenxa yemingeni yokudibanisa.
Ngokusebenzisa le projekthi inkqubo iye yasekwa ukulungiselela ukuwa okurekhodisha okungcono.
Isifundo esikhulu kweli bhunga yayikukudlala ngamandla alo. Ulingo lubonise ukuba iqela lokubuyisela kwakhona libekwe ngcono ekuxhaseni abantu abadala ekusebenziseni ubugcisa ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zabo, kodwa kungekhona ukuzifaka. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ibhunga kunye ne-Urban Foresight iza kusebenza neqabane elikhoyo lokukhathalelwa ngomnxeba elinamava ngokukhupha ubuchwepheshe basekhaya kunye nokulawula imiba efana nolawulo lwestokhwe kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla.
UClement uthi: “Umgaqo esiwuthathileyo ngulo: phucula, sukuyila.
Uvavanyo lwexabiso lemali lugqibe ekubeni ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yomthengi kuyindleko kwaye ukuba umqhubi wayenqande ukuwa nje okukodwa, bekuya kuzihlawulela ngokuphindwe kabini.
Inqanaba elilandelayo liya kuphinda livavanye iipendenti ezisebenzisa unxibelelwano oluphathwayo ukuze zinxitywe ngaphandle kwekhaya, kwaye ezibandakanya umkhondo wendawo ukuxhasa abantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi abanokulahleka. Izixhobo ze-Alexa ziya kuvavanywa ngakumbi kwindawo yokuhlala yokhathalelo.
UClement uthe ezinye izifundo eziphambili ezifundiweyo kukubaluleka kokuthatha indlela esekelwe kumngeni, iteknoloji-agnostic, kwakunye nokuba nabasebenzi abazinikeleyo ukongamela inkqubo.
Lo msebenzi ukwahlanganiswa kwi-Collaborative Newcastle, intsebenziswano phakathi kwebhunga, imibutho yezempilo kunye nentlalontle, icandelo lokuzithandela kunye neeyunivesithi ukuphucula impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwisixeko. Eli nyathelo ngoku linomsebenzi wedijithali, oya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iingcamango ezintsha ziphononongwa ngendlela epheleleyo, utsho uMcLaughlan.
Buyela kutyalo-mali
ILiverpool ivavanya itekhnoloji yezempilo yedijithali kwinethiwekhi yayo ye-5G. Oku kuxhasa izicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inikezela ngezakhono zezwi lengxoxo, leyo uAnn Williams, uMphathi weKhomishoni kunye neeKhontrakthi zeenkonzo zeNtlalo yabantu abadala kwiBhunga leSixeko saseLiverpool, uthi ingundoqo.
"Zininzi izinzwa ezinokusebenzisa i-IoT kwaye zilungile kakhulu," utshilo. “Zixabiso eliphantsi kunezixhobo zokhathalelo lwemfonomfono, oko kuyadibanisa. Kodwa siyaqonda ukuba ayinakuthatha indawo yenkqubo yokhathalelo lomnxeba ngendlela efanayo kuba awukwazi ukuba nencoko yelizwi.
Inqanaba lokuqala lomsebenzi liqale ngo-Epreli wama-2018 njengenxalenye yeNkqubo yeSebe lezeNkcubeko, iMedia neMidlalo ye-5G ye-5G Testbeds and Trials Programme kwaye iqhube iinyanga ezingama-20.
Iprojekthi, eyayihlawuliswa njengovavanyo lokuqala lwezempilo oluxhaswe yi-5G yohlobo lwayo eYurophu, ifumene i-4.9 yezigidi ze-GBP (i-6.4 yezigidi ze-USD) ukuvavanya indlela iteknoloji ye-5G inokubonelela ngayo izibonelelo zempilo kunye nentlalontle enokulinganiswa kwingingqi yedijithali.
Ihanjiswe ngumbutho we-cross-sector consortium kunye ne-11 iteknoloji yavavanywa kunye namavolontiya, kubandakanywa ii-apps zokunciphisa isizungu, iinkonzo ze-telehealth, ukuphazamiseka kwentlungu yenyani, izinzwa zokusingqongileyo, isixhobo esichasene nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nekhonkco yevidiyo yekhemesti eyenza abantu bathathe iyeza ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya.
Uvavanyo lugqibe ekubeni ukusebenzisa kunokuphucula iziphumo zempilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi kubasebenzisi benkonzo kwaye kwandise amandla eenkonzo zempilo kunye nokhathalelo lwentlalo.
Uhlalutyo lubalwe uqikelelo lweendleko ezinokuthi zigcinwe kwiinkonzo zempilo kunye nokunakekelwa kwezentlalo ezingaphezu kwe-200,000 GBP ngabasebenzisi be-100 ngonyaka, kuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo.
Isigaba sesibini seprojekthi sifumene i-4.3 yezigidi ze-GBP ukuphuhlisa inethiwekhi yangasese ye-5G yezempilo kunye neenkonzo zokunakekelwa kwentlalo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zaseLiverpool.
Ubuchwephesha bubandakanya isixhobo somgangatho wezonyango ukulawula kunye nokubeka iliso kwiimeko zempilo ukude, i-app efundisa iindlela zokunciphisa ixhala, inkonzo ye-GP yokuhlola ekude, ukunakekelwa kwenxeba kunye nolawulo kunye nobuchwepheshe benzwa.
Le projekthi iye yandiswa kutshanje ukuze iqhube kude kube nguSeptemba 2022 kwaye ijolise ekuphuhliseni 'iplani' yokusetyenziswa kothungelwano lwabucala lwe-5G ekunikezeni iinkonzo zoluntu.
Iprojekthi iya kufikelela kuvuthondaba ngohlalutyo olucacileyo lwemeko yeshishini kwi-5G yabucala.
UWilliams uthe oku kuya kuba malunga nezibonelelo zomgangatho wobomi kunye nezo zinzima zemali kwaye zinokubandakanya izinto ezinje ngeendleko ezithintelweyo ngabantu abahlala ngokuzimeleyo ixesha elide, ukuncitshiswa kokuwa kunye neeyure zabongi abakhululwayo.
Ukuvavanya izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo kuthetha ukucaca malunga neenjongo, utsho.
“Besisoloko sinemantra yokwenyani yokungabikho kwetekhnoloji ngenxa yetekhnoloji. Kukho zonke iintlobo zetekhnoloji ye-whiz bang phaya, kodwa umbuzo ngulo: ingaba iyisombulula ingxaki yexesha elide yokwenyani?
Isiphumo sothungelwano
Ngelixa imeko yeshishini ingengombuzo wemali nje, izixeko kufuneka ziqwalasele ukuba iinkqubo zinokuxhaswa njani ixesha elide.
Indlela ekhulayo yokwenza imeko yeshishini yindlela ebanzi ngakumbi.
UWilliams uthi: “Sinembono ebanzi ngoluntu kunezempilo nentlalontle kuphela. "Kukho uluhlu lwezinye izinto esinokuzisebenzisela le [network]."
Ukubonakalisa umkhwa, inyathelo leLiverpool libotshelelwa kwiinzame zokunciphisa iyantlukwano yedijithali ukuze abantu abaninzi bafikelele kumathuba e-intanethi emfundo, umsebenzi kunye neenjongo zentlalo.
Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yokuba inethiwekhi yeLiverpool ibucala, isixeko sinokubonelela 'ngezilayi' kubaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula ukuze bagcwalise izithuba zokugubungela.
“Oko kubuyisela umva ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo neenkampani zeselfowuni,” utshilo uWilliams. “Enye yeenkampani ezinkulu yathi kum: ‘Ann, asinalo isebe apho amabhunga asithengisela khona: siyakuthengisa kuwe.’”
UWilliams ulindele ukuba le modeli "iphazamisayo" idume ngakumbi phakathi kwabasemagunyeni.
Ukwamkelwa
Amakhaya abantu zezona ndawo zabo zabucala ngoko kukho imibuzo malunga nokuba ukujonga kwidijithali kunokuziva kuphazamisekile.
UCoupar uthi bambalwa abahlali abathe banikwa le nkonzo eSutton abayikhabayo. Akukho ukurekhoda okubonakalayo okanye okuvakalayo okwenzekayo, kwaye akukho datha yomntu iqokelelwa.
Ibilula kakhulu ukubuza kuba bekungekho mfuneko yofakelo oluntsonkothileyo. Ngexesha apho abantu babekhathazeke kakhulu ngempilo yabo, ndicinga ukuba yamkelwe into yokuba abasemagunyeni bajonge iindlela zokugcina abantu bekhuselekile.
INewcastle yafumanisa ukuba abanye abahlali babelumkile xa befowunelwa ngomnxeba kwaye kwabonakala kubalulekile ukuba bathathe izixhobo bazibonise.
I-Urban Foresight ibonelele ngesikhokelo kulawulo lwedatha kunye nolwazi olunikwe abantu malunga nokuba yinxalenye yolingo.
"Ngokuqinisekileyo zininzi iitemplates esinokuphinda sizisebenzise kwixesha elizayo," utshilo uMcLaughlan.
UWilliams uthe inani elincinci labathathi-nxaxheba eLiverpool babuyise izixhobo zenzwa besithi abayithandi indlela abaziva bebekwe esweni ngalo lonke ixesha. Izixhobo "azizomntu wonke," utshilo kodwa ukholelwa ukuba oku kuya kutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko abantu beqhelana nezixhobo ezinje ngeewotshi ezihlakaniphile kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Uthi: “Nathi asikwazi ukuthetha izinto ezimbaxayo. "Baninzi [abantu abadala] abathi ngenxa yobhubhani ngequbuliso baba ziingcali kuFacebook Portal okanye kuGoogle Hub."
"Basebenzisa itekhnoloji ngaphandle kokuyibiza ngetekhnoloji - bayazi ukuba banokuthetha nabazukulwana babo ukuba benza oku, oku kunye noku. Yindlela leyo esibona ngayo abantu bezamkela izinto."
Eli nqaku lavela okokuqala kwiCities Today.
Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Imveliso yeSHVETS ngePexels
Ixesha lokuposa: May-06-2022